- Today's Objectives
- Discuss Video Assignment
- Establish Groups For Video Assignment
- Do Something Involving Notes
- Finish Lecture Notes Involving Mesopotamia and Egypt
- Video Assignment Group
- Jet
- Lydia
- Issac
- Derek
- Henry
- What Did We Learn About Mesopotamia?
- It Sucked...Why?
- They had unpredictable, very damaging floods
- Dust storms
- Locust
- What Did They Have To Do To Sustain Agriculture?
- Dig canals for irrigation of crops
- What were the benefits of locusts?
- They were a great source of protein
- What Is Widely Open In Mesopotamia?
- Where did 80% of people live?
- Within the city, preferably for protection
- Between 4000 and 1900 BCE what four river civilizations were established and ended?
- Indus
- Mesopotamia
- Egypt
- China
- What Made Mesopotamia Special?
- What Do We Know About Gilgamesh?
- Lived in Uruk
- He was a King
- He in the tale of Gilgamesh was considered a bad king
- Gilgamesh chased after immortality
- Gilgamesh and Shamat civilized Enkidu how....
- In some stories, that is done through Enkidu having sex
- In the notes it is cited that he is taught to drink beer, how to bathe, oil your body, and comb your hair
- Who was Shamat?
- What is a Mesopotamian Proverb Based on Beer?
- He who drinks too much beer, must drink water
- What is the shelf life of Mesopotamian Beer?
- Why did Mesopotamians Drink Beer With A Straw?
- There are lots of particles in the Beer, that you want to avoid drinking, which can be done by drinking it through a straw
- How do Kings in the Ancient World Pitch Themselves?
- That the King is needed to exist for the people, as a sacred gift from the gods
- What Are The Jobs That All Ancient Kings Must Do?
- Religious Work
- To keep things right between the Gods and their people
- conducting festivals
- completing rituals
- Civic Duties
- Administration of Justice
- Generating Public Works
- Military
- Protecting the people
- Securing the water
- What is an Enduring Solution That Starts In Mesopotamia and Continues Throughout The Ancient World?
- Anyone can appeal to the king
- How Did Trade Work in Mesopotamia?
- People traded resources in a relay style between two points, with each trader moving back and forth between two trading locations.
- Goods spread from trader to trader.
- What Was The Purpose of Religious Practices in Mesopotamia?
- Ziggurats
- Divination
- To learn what the Gods desire in order to placate them
- What Were Gods Like In Mesopotamia?
- They changed on the flip of the hat
- What Is Morality Like In Mesopotamia?
- What is right and wrong is determined by the Gods Will
- What is the Mesopotamian Afterlife?
- A dark realm where you slide on your belly, it is dark, and the food is bad.
- How Does One Take Over The World?
- Collect, Maintain, And Secure As Many Resources As Possible
- Water
- Agricultural Resources
- Wood
- Metal
- People
- Textiles
- What is the Hammurabi Code?
- Was it the first law code?
- Not the first law code, not even in Mesopotamia
- What Was A Lot Of It About In Concern of Family Relationships?
- What Did Hammurabi's Laws on Family Relationships Accomplish?
- It protected women against unreasonable treatment by their husbands or other men.
- Ensures the legitimacy of children to protect the economy of families
- Was Hammurabi's Law Based on Eye for an Eye?
- No, it was based on class. Your place in the social system is what determines what kind of, and what reparations are given/received.
- Who is Hammurabi?
- Used legal precedence that already existed, and then proclaimed that Marduk chose him to be king, and that the legal precedence that already existed was proclaimed by the Gods.
- Why Doesn't Egypt Suck?
- Natural Barriers
- Open Social Structure
- There are noble families
- There are bureaucrats, who can move up in society
- Religion
- The Gods aren't petty
- Pharaoah is God on Earth, meaning that you don't have a priest hood that can fight for power.
- Climate
- The Nile is better than the Tigris and Euphrates
- The Nile floods around the same time, every year, and floods very gently
- Agriculture
- Has very fertile soil, known as Kemet
- Societal Housing
- People lived in Villages
- Why
- They had more widespread resources
- They required less security
- Why
- No in-fighting city-states
- An united Egypt
- What is the Word For No Government in Egypt?
- Primary Sources
- Definition
- Examples
- Diary
- Autobiography
- Document
- Interview
- Eye Witness Account
- Oral Tradition
- Art/Artifacts/Textiles
- Letters
- News Paper Reports
- Secondary Sources
- Definition
- Interpretation or Account of a Primary Source By a Different Source
- Examples
- Book
- Scholarly Article (Peer-Reviewed)
- Websites
- Herodotus
- Importance
- Known as the Father of History
- Greek Historian
- Type of Source
- Bias
- Doesn't Like Kids
- Cultural
- Ancient Homosexuality/Pedophiles
- It was a status symbol for a man to have sex with a child, which is heavily frowned upon in modern society.
- Women were forbidden from practicing homosexuality.
- How Did Ancient Persian People Greet One Another
- How Is the Word Barbarian Used By The Ancient Persians
- To refer to Non-Persian people
- How Did The Persians Treat Gods
- They believed them to be non-human
- How Did Persians Worship Gods
- Why Did Persian Men Not Want to See Their Children Until They Were Five?
- Men won't have to deal with the child for the most part, and can begin to interact with their child at an age in which they truly can.
- Agriculture In Nile River Valley
- Civilization moved up from the Sudan and into where?
- Where is Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt?
- What Did Herodotus Refer to Egypt As?
- When Did Egyptians Harvest Crops?
- There were annual floods during the summer
- Crops are harvested in Winter and Early Spring
- First Egyptian Kingdoms
- Small kingdoms appeared in Egypt and Nubia by 3300 B.C.
- Agriculture societies built organizations which controlled or regulated public and private life.
- Menes
- The first pharaoh of Egypt, the first ruler, of the first dynasty
- Known as Narmer
- Established his rule in Memphis
- Established a Centralized Government
- Pharaohs
- Claimed to be Gods manifest among men
- Claimed to be Offspring of the Sun God
- Kingdoms of Egypt
- Archaic Period
- Old Kingdom
- Middle Kingdom
- New Kingdom
- Pyramids
- Were constructed during the Old Kingdom.
- Made from 2.3 million limestone blocks with an average weight of 5000 pounds.
- Nubia
- Had periodic battles with who?
- Developed a southern kingdom called what?
- Middle Kingdom of Egypt
- Central state under the pharaoh re-emerged after a short decline
- Pharaohs lost power that they once held
- Egypt was invaded by the Hyskos
- The Hyskos has an advantage thanks to being able to combat using chariots.
- Egypt unified to fight against the Hyskos, and won, which allowed them to establish the New Kingdom
- New Kingdom of Egypt
- Population
- Expanded territory in response to what?
- Controlled Nubian Territory to A Certain Point
- Nubian leaders revived Kush
- Social hierarchies of Egypt
- Pharaoh
- Professional Military Forces
- Bureaucrats and Administrators
- Tax Collectors
- Peasants and Slaves
- What Are Ancient Foundations?
- The Four Ancient River Civilizations
- China
- India
- Egypt
- Mesopotamia
- What Were Class Thoughts on the Reading?
- The Egyptians treated women fairly.
- Mesopotamian and Egyptians are polytheistic.
- Egyptians used papyrus to record many thoughts and ideas, but due to papyrus breaking down, many of those records are lost.
- Nepotism
- Appointing your family members into important positions, in order to control power.
- Egyptians would marry into their family, even their sisters, in order to keep royal blood in power.
- Over time religious beliefs transform.
- When Did People Settle Down And Start Farming?
- Where Does Chocolate Come From?
- Where Are Peanuts From...Maybe?
- What People Ate Before the New World Was Discovered, Was Determined by What?
- What grows in your geographical location, or what can be found in nearby geographical locations to consume.
- What Percentage of the population in pre-modern time, were farmers?
- Did pre-modern civilizations eat mainly crops or meat?
- Crops, animals that modern people use for meat, were mainly used for secondary products.
- Why Are Beans Grown With Wheat?
- Beans provide nitrogen to the soil to help increase the production of wheat.
- What Animals Were Located in The Fertile Crescent?
- Why Does Settling Down In A City in the Ancient World, Cause Individuals to Have Poorer Health and Other Issues?
- More sick people grouped with one another, with little to no advancement in stopping the spread of illnesses.
- Poor waste disposal, and the location of waste near by cities.
- Resources now are being shared, and resources are now limited to settlement.
- When people settle they begin to establish property, and laws to help protect the property of the wealthy.
- Hunting and gathering is easier than working the land.
- What are common issues that everyone faces?
- Relationships
- Collecting Resources
- Managing Resources
- Managing Health
- Managing Security
- Many ancient civilizations developed distinct and in some cases lasting solutions to the common issues that everyone faces.
- Mesopotamia was a very pressed civilization, while Egypt was much more calm.
- Who had the earliest civilizations?
- China, many believe Mesopotamia, but they do so wrongly.
- Why Is This So?
- Many people from 1880-1920 were making these discoveries and wanted people to believe that white people were the earliest civilized people..which doesn't make sense.
- What is the significance of the fertile crescent?
- It contains much fertile soil, so it is great for growing crops.
- What is the significance of Mesopotamia?
- Who were scribes?
- Priests
- Controlled most of the wealth
- Merchants
- Property Records for the Rich and the Powerful
- Less than 5% of the population knew how to read or write
- Because only so few could read and write, is that they can control the people because they had information that could be openly lied about to 95% of the population.
- Taxation Records
- How Do The Tigris and Euphrates Flood?
- Catastrophically and Unexpectedly
- Why was irrigation so important in the Middle East?
- There isn't a lot of water in the middle east.
- Historically what kind of population does the middle east have?
- Mixed, as many individuals can come in from multiple surrounding destinations.
- How well can the Tigris and the Euphrates be Navigated?
- What is Irrigation?
- To direct water to the crops, and preventing massive floods from harming the city.
- What is Corvee Labor?
- Labor represents your taxes.
- Most Ancient Civilizations Use Corvee Labor
- What Are The Benefits of the Tigris and Euphrates Flooding?
- When it floods it leaves heavily fertile soil for farming.
- What Were Many Problems Faced By Mesopotamia?
- Dust Storms
- Locust Swarms
- Scorching Winds
- Flooding
- Why Would Mesopotamian Wear Demon Amulets?
- You would wear a demon amulet to ward away the demon that the amulet represented.
- Mesopotamian Ziggurats and Gods
- Different city-states have different ziggurats
- Different ziggurats are represented by different Gods
- What Common Gods Do All Ancient Societies Have?
- What is the significance of proverbs from ancient civilizations?
- It teaches you how the civilizations think, based on their proverbs.
- Ideas Based On Mesopotamia Proverbs
- Protect Your Property
- Treat Your Enemies Gently
- Don't bully the bullied
- Poverty is abundant, wealth is rare.
- What is the Significance of The City-State of Eridu?
- Mesopotamians believed it to be the place of life's origin
- They believed that cities made them civilized.
- 80% of them lived in cities
- Eridu wasn't just a city-state, it held mythological significance.
- They believed that city-states taught them how to take on the civilized art of kingship.
- What are some of the arts of civilization?
- Kingship
- Speech
- War
- Clothing
- Bathing
- Sex
- Beer
- What is the Worst Put-Down In Mesopatamian Society?
- Where Are These Located?
- Mesopotamia
- What Does it Mean?
- Where Is It?
- Between The Tigris and Euphrates River
- In The Fertile Crescent
- What is Its Significance?
- Hammurabi Code
- What Was Its Impact?
- It was the foundation for Judeo Christian Laws
- Who Was It Named After?
- King Hammurabi of Babylon
- What Are Some of The Famous Laws of The Hammurabi Code?
- How Did They Affect Women?
- What was The Hammurabi Code Considered As?
- Patriarchy
- Definition
- A system in which men are in control.
- Slavery
- Who Were Slaves?
- Prisoners of War
- Convicted Criminals
- Heavily Indebted Men
- When Did Slavery Begin?
- Slaves were originally taken as prisoners of war.
- War is the beginning of slavery.
- What Did Most Slaves Do?
- What Does The Hammurabi Code Say On Slavery?
- If a slave marries a free man, or a slave's daughter marries a free man, then the slave is set free.
- Link to Flashcards
- Homework
- Take the Calculus Readiness Test From The Text Book
- Begin Math Lab Homework
- How to Comment
- How to Display Text
- How to Set A Variable To Equal a Number
- variable name = variable value
- What is this "=" symbol called?
- How to Print A Variable's Name And Its Value, If Its Value Is A Number?
- print("variable name =" + str(variable name))
- How to Print A Variable's Value, But Not Its Name, If Its Value Is A Number?
- What is an Example of a Chained Assignment?
- How To Complete An Addition Calculation
- print(Number Value + Number Value)
- How Do You Add Two Text Strings Together
- How To Save A Python File
- Copy the Text Into A Notepad File
- Save the Text File as a ".py" extension file
- Charcoal Poem Related Notes
- Where and When Was It From?
- 18th Century China
- China has the Ability to Easily Unify
- Has a strong bureaucratic government
- Government Officials
- They were known as Courtiers
- What Does The Government Do?
- What Is the Government?
- A system put in place when a society can financially support itself, in which individuals can take specialized roles, and the system can redistribute wealth across specializations.
- Fabric
- Is Incredibly Expensive, Throughout History
- Silk is produced in China
- Until the Middle-Ages, China was the only source of silk in the world.
- What is Damask?
- A different way of weaving fabric.
- Who Invented the Cotton Gin?
- Who Produced The Most Cotton In That Era?
- Middle Eastern God's Country Poem Notes
- Religion They Practiced
- What They Developed
- Commercialism
- Joint Stock Companies
- Checks
- Capitalism
- They were rather commercial, and many nations are commercial.
- Capitalism is not necessarily western.
- God's Love Poem Notes
- Where Was It From?
- Who Wrote It?
- Religion They Practiced?
- What Was it About?
- God's Love, and Connecting People Together With Love and Belief In God.
- Draft Poem Notes
- When Was It Written?
- What Was It About?
- Where Was It Written?
- Who Were Unified?
- Who Were Not Unified?
- Who Were Very Open?
- Who Were Anti-Semitic?
- Human Migration
- All humans migrated out of Africa
- Ice Age
- Ice bridges formed to help allow men to cross into new locations.
- Human Annihilation
- A volcanic eruption resulted in 70% of the human population being wiped out early on.
- What is the Significance of Cave Paintings?
- To illustrate what is important to a culture, by what is portrayed as the subject matter of the paintings.
- Cave Paintings existing deep within caves can illustrate that....
- The Interior of the cave is hidden, secret, and acts as a way of forming community around art.
- Why Do Humans Wear Clothes?
- Theories
- Peer-Pressure
- General Protection
- Protection From The Elements
- Appearance
- Attract a Mate
- Form an Identity
- Covering Up
- Studies
- Studies show that people are addicted to style, and that the reason for said addiction is narcissism.
- No specific sources were given of said studies.
- What Does It Mean To Be Civilized?
- The Bias of The Term Civilized
- The definition of the word civilized, is relative, and heavily biased, to whoever you are asking.
- Studies / Articles
- Certain aboriginal cultures are shown to be happier and smarter than individuals in modern civilization, even though many would consider them uncivilized.
- There is a culture that many would consider uncivilized, who are capable of knowing compass directions wherever they are without a compass.
- Paleolithic Age
- Old Stone Age
- Hunter-Gatherers
- First People
- Neolithic Era
- Characteristics
- Agriculture
- Impacts of Agriculture
- Surplus of Food
- Impact of a Food Surplus
- Increased Time For Creative Development
- Impact of Increased Time For Creative Development
- Development of Advanced Weaponry
- Crafts and Development of Pottery
- Agriculture
- Agriculture and Its Impact Upon Society
- What Does Agriculture Allow People To Do?
- Allows People to Settle In One Area
- What Does Settling In One Area Lead To?
- Population Growth
- What Do Growing Populations Lead To?
- More Complex Societies Form, which can develop towns, cities, laws, and community customs.
- Why Was There A Spontaneous Farming Boom, In Which Communities Around The World Who Were Disconnected, All Began Farming?
- Possibly global climate change allowing for farming to finally become possible, after the Ice Age in which farming was impossible.
