History Section 01 Class Notes August 24 2016

• Primary Sources
• Definition
• First Hand Accounts
• Examples
• Diary
• Autobiography
• Document
• Interview
• Eye Witness Account
• Oral Tradition
• Art/Artifacts/Textiles
• Letters
• News Paper Reports
• Secondary Sources
• Definition
• Interpretation or Account of a Primary Source By a Different Source
• Examples
• Book
• University Press
• Scholarly Article (Peer-Reviewed)
• Websites
• .edu
• .gov
• Herodotus
• Importance
• Known as the Father of History
• Greek Historian
• Type of Source
• Primary
• Bias
• Doesn't Like Kids
• Cultural
• Ancient Homosexuality/Pedophiles
• It was a status symbol for a man to have sex with a child, which is heavily frowned upon in modern society.
• Women were forbidden from practicing homosexuality.
• How Did Ancient Persian People Greet One Another
• Equals
• Kiss on the lips
• Bow
• Unequal 
• Kiss on the Cheek
• How Is the Word Barbarian Used By The Ancient Persians
• To refer to Non-Persian people 
• How Did The Persians Treat Gods
• They believed them to be non-human
• How Did Persians Worship Gods
• By performing sacrifices
• Why Did Persian Men Not Want to See Their Children Until They Were Five?
• Men won't have to deal with the child for the most part, and can begin to interact with their child at an age in which they truly can.
• Agriculture In Nile River Valley
• Civilization moved up from the Sudan and into where?
• The Fertile Nile Valley
• Where is Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt?
• Lower Egypt
• To the North
• Upper Egypt
• To the South
• What Did Herodotus Refer to Egypt As?
• The Gift of the Nile
• When Did Egyptians Harvest Crops?
• There were annual floods during the summer
• Crops are harvested in Winter and Early Spring
• First Egyptian Kingdoms
• Small kingdoms appeared in Egypt and Nubia by 3300 B.C.
• Agriculture societies built organizations which controlled or regulated public and private life.
• Menes
• The first pharaoh of Egypt, the first ruler, of the first dynasty
• Known as Narmer 
• Established his rule in Memphis
• Established a Centralized Government
• Pharaohs
• Claimed to be Gods manifest among men
• Claimed to be Offspring of the Sun God
• Kingdoms of Egypt
• Archaic Period
• Old Kingdom
• When pyramids were built
• Middle Kingdom
• New Kingdom
• Pyramids
• Were constructed during the Old Kingdom.
• Made from 2.3 million limestone blocks with an average weight of 5000 pounds.
• Nubia
• Had periodic battles with who?
• Egypt
• Developed a southern kingdom called what?
• Kush
• Middle Kingdom of Egypt
• Central state under the pharaoh re-emerged after a short decline
• Pharaohs lost power that they once held
• Egypt was invaded by the Hyskos
• The Hyskos has an advantage thanks to being able to combat using chariots.
• Egypt unified to fight against the Hyskos, and won, which allowed them to establish the New Kingdom
• New Kingdom of Egypt
• Population
• Four Million
• Expanded territory in response to what?
• The Hyskos Invasion
• Controlled Nubian Territory to A Certain Point
• Nubian leaders revived Kush
• Social hierarchies of Egypt
• Pharaoh
• Supreme Ruler
• Professional Military Forces
• Bureaucrats and Administrators
• Tax Collectors
• Peasants and Slaves
• Provided Labor

History Before 1500s Section 01 Class Notes

• Where Are These Located?
• Mesopotamia
• Iraq/Iran
• Nile
• Egypt
• Mesopotamia
• What Does it Mean?
• Between The Rivers
• Where Is It?
• Between The Tigris and Euphrates River
• In The Fertile Crescent
• What is Its Significance?
• It was the first City
• Hammurabi Code
• What Was Its Impact?
• It was the foundation for Judeo Christian Laws
• Who Was It Named After?
• King Hammurabi of Babylon
• What Are Some of The Famous Laws of The Hammurabi Code?
• Eye for an Eye
• How Did They Affect Women?
• They protected them.
• What was The Hammurabi Code Considered As?
• A Divine Law
• Patriarchy
• Definition
• A system in which men are in control.
• Slavery
• Who Were Slaves?
• Prisoners of War
• Convicted Criminals
• Heavily Indebted Men
• When Did Slavery Begin?
• Slaves were originally taken as prisoners of war.
• War is the beginning of slavery.
• What Did Most Slaves Do?
• Work as Domestics
• What Does The Hammurabi Code Say On Slavery?
• If a slave marries a free man, or a slave's daughter marries a free man, then the slave is set free.

History Section 01 Class Notes: August 17, 2016

• Human Migration
• All humans migrated out of Africa
• Ice Age
• Ice bridges formed to help allow men to cross into new locations.
• Human Annihilation
• A volcanic eruption resulted in 70% of the human population being wiped out early on.
• What is the Significance of Cave Paintings?
• To illustrate what is important to a culture, by what is portrayed as the subject matter of the paintings.
• Cave Paintings existing deep within caves can illustrate that....
• The Interior of the cave is hidden, secret, and acts as a way of forming community around art.
• Why Do Humans Wear Clothes?
• Theories
• Peer-Pressure
• General Protection
• Protection From The Elements
• Appearance
• Attract a Mate
• Form an Identity
• Status
• Sense of Style
• Covering Up
• Studies
• Studies show that people are addicted to style, and that the reason for said addiction is narcissism.
• No specific sources were given of said studies. 
• What Does It Mean To Be Civilized?
• The Bias of The Term Civilized
• The definition of the word civilized, is relative, and heavily biased, to whoever you are asking.
• Studies / Articles
• Certain aboriginal cultures are shown to be happier and smarter than individuals in modern civilization, even though many would consider them uncivilized.
• There is a culture that many would consider uncivilized, who are capable of knowing compass directions wherever they are without a compass.
• Paleolithic Age
• Old Stone Age
• Hunter-Gatherers
• First People
• Neolithic Era
• Characteristics
• Agriculture
• Impacts of Agriculture
• Surplus of Food
• Impact of a Food Surplus
• Increased Time For Creative Development
• Impact of Increased Time For Creative Development
• Development of Advanced Weaponry
• Crafts and Development of Pottery
• Agriculture
• Agriculture and Its Impact Upon Society
• What Does Agriculture Allow People To Do? 
• Allows People to Settle In One Area
• What Does Settling In One Area Lead To?
• Population Growth
• What Do Growing Populations Lead To?
• More Complex Societies Form, which can develop towns, cities, laws, and community customs.
• Why Was There A Spontaneous Farming Boom, In Which Communities Around The World Who Were Disconnected, All Began Farming?
• Possibly global climate change allowing for farming to finally become possible, after the Ice Age in which farming was impossible.