Programming Notes

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To-Do September 21 2016

• History
• Meet Up With The Teacher 11am Tuesday
• Submit Lydia's Video Proposal to Turnitin.com 
• Midterm Review (Zoroastrianism) 9/27/16
• Programming
• Math
• 11.8 9/29/16
• Business Writing

History Section 02 Notes September 21 2016

• Pg.80
• The Greeks supplanted the Persians in Northwest India in 322 BCE
• Mauryan Empire
• Chandragupta founded the Mauryan Empire 
• The Empire Flourished Under Ashoka's Rule, but declined after Ashoka's demise
• Darius conquered the Indus Valley and Kashmir around 513 BCE
• Persian Influence on India
• India began to mint silver coins
• India adapted the Aramic Script and began adapting their works into Aramic
• The Persian Empire succumbed to Alexander the Great in 326 BCE
• The Greeks were impressed by India, and Alexander the Great debated with and learned from their philosophers 
• Pg.81
• Chandragupta founded the Mauryan Empire thanks to Alexander the Great's invasion
• The invasion created a crisis, that allowed Chandragupta to expand his territories
• The Mauryan Empire's government was heavily inspired by the Persians
• It adapted the province system used by the Persians 
• Developed a departmental military Developed a taxation system that collected money for public works by taxing agriculture
• The Mauryan Empire was the first time in which one man governed most of the subcontinent in India's History
• Who was Kautilya?
• He was Chandragupta's great minister, who wrote a treatise of war called the Arthashastra
• What is the Arthashastra?
• A treatise on how a king should seize, hold, and manipulate power using: 
• Spies dressed as gods
• Attacking enemies when their down
• Allying with your enemy's enemies
• What is the Significance of Megasthenes?
• He is a Greek ambassador, who was sent by Seleucus to India
• He spent fourteen years in Chandragupta's court, and left a lively description of life in India
• Pg.83
• Chandragupta kept himself constantly protected from assassination, and lived a long life
• Who is Ashoka?
• Ashoka is the grandson of Chandragupta
• Ashoka embraced Buddhism, and promoted its spread across India
• Ashoka had to rebel against his older brother, after his father's death, in order to become king
• Ashoka loved the banquet hall and harems
• Ashoka for a period was a fierce fighter, but after conquering Kalinga, changed his ways, and spread a doctrine of non-violence
• This went as far as to not only to forbid the hunting of man, but also animal sacrifices and the hunting of animals
• Rather than hunt, Ashoka would go on religious pilgrimages
• Ashoka once went on a 256 day pilgrimage to all the holy sites of Buddhism
• Pg.84
• Until ancient scripts were deciphered in 1837, nothing was known of Ashoka's achievements and pursuits for man and beast alike
• The pillars on which the Ashoka inscription survived, are the first examples of art, to survive since the end of the Indus Civilization
• Ashoka forbid any religious divides to exist in Buddhism, as he wanted the religion to be strong and united
• Ashoka ruled for 37 years
• After Ashoka's death, the empire went into decline
• The Mauryan Empire Collapsed in 185 BCE
• The cultural unity of the many religions and epics helped to establish a strong cultural unity, where political unity did not exist
• Who took rule after the Collapse of the Mauryan Empire?
• Indo-Greek, ruled by the inheritor's of Alexander the Great's defunct empire
• 
  
• Pg.85
• Pg.86

History Section 02 In Class Notes September 21 2016

• What Do I Think The Essay Questions Could Be?
• What were the main goals and practices of the religions of the ancient world?
• How were different ancient civilizations similar and different from one another?
• What Do My Classmates Believe The Essay Questions Could Be?
• Compare and Contrast Indian and Chinese Religions
• Why do all the religions appear to arise around the same time (6th century BCE)?
• How did geography affect the ancient river civilizations?
• What were common problems faced by ancient river civilizations, and what were the different solutions?
• Classical Consolidation: Empire
• Time Frame
• 1200 BCE - 450 CE
• What is Happening During This Time Period?
• Growing populations
• Coherence Under The Empire
• Consolidation of Social Systems
• What Happens When Populations Grow?
• More people specialize in what they do
• There is more manufacturing
• There is more trade
• Less people have to farm
• More people are living in cities
• More people are spreading out
• More neighboring populations are interacting with each other
• Culture begins spreading more rapidly, as more individual populations interact with each other
• Hinduism spread across India
• The Caste System and Confucianism spread
• What is an Empire?
• A group of states/countries united:
• By Culture
• By a Single Ruler
• By a Family Hierarchy of Rulers
• Strong Government
• Economics
• Military
• In India when they refer to taking over the world, they really meant what?
• That they wanted to take over India
• What was the first long lasting world empire?
• Achaemenid Persians
• How Long Did The Achaemenid Persian Empire Last?
• 539 - 330 BCE
• What was the greatest strength and weakness of the Achaemenid Persian Empire?
• They were hands off
• What does it mean, that the Achaemenid Persian Empire is hands off? How is this a weakness?
• The persians would conquer different areas, but then allow each area to follow their own culture, laws, and calendars
• Each area is united among the Empire through economics, by paying their taxes
• When the empire encounters military conflict, due to the lack of cultural unification, would quickly breakdown
• Zoroastrianism
• Zoroaster was born to a fifteen year old virgin.
• He performed many miracles
• He lived in a world of magis
• He spoke with Ahura Mazda
• Ahura Mazda is the one true god, the light, the truth, the goodness
• Zoroastrianism gave the people a choice
• You could work with the light
• You could work with Ahriman
• Ahriman is the darkness, one of lies
• The Three Layers of feathers on the wings of Ahura Mazda represent good words, good thoughts, and good deeds while the three laters on the tail represent the opposite
• Zoroastrianism was heavily based on performing good deeds, and helping people
• Zoroaster only converted his cousin to Zoroastrianism 
• Zoroastrianism didn't take off, until Zoroaster died
• Ahura Mazda and Ahriman are locked in battle, until the judgement day, in which everyone reaches judgement
• Zoroastrianism is a linear religion, that believes in a time, in which time will end
• Zoroastrianism taught a lot about angels and demons
• Zoroastrians have to marry other Zoroastrians
• Zoroastrianism doesn't force people to convert
• Islam in the 7th century CE almost completely wipes out Zoroastrianism
• When did Cyrus (The Persian Empire) Take Babylon?
• 539 BCE
• Why did Cyrus Take Babylon?
• Agricultural Advantages
• Dye related resources
• Who is Cyrus's Son?
• Cambyses
• Cambyses took Eygpt and was perceived as what?
• A god
• Cambyses was considered as what kind of leader?
• A great leader, at least, the elites believed so 
• Darius embraced Zoroastrianism 
• How was Darius related to Cyrus?
• He wasn't
• He was a general under Cambyses
• How Did Darius Take Control Over The Persian Empire?
• He created a pact with military men, and worked with them to kill Cambyses, and use the army to rule
• Who was the heir of Darius?
• Son of one of Cyrus's daughters, who Darius married
• How many daughters of Cyrus did Darius marry?
• Two
• Darius claims that he is related to what ancient family that is connected to the first Persian Empire?
• Achaemenes
• How Did Darius Claim Legitimacy?
• He stopped rebellions with military power
• He claimed to be related to the Achaemenes
• He gave birth to a blood heir
• He made Persepolis, a huge palace, to show off his power
• Grassroots Localism
• He allowed places he conquered to rule themselves, but they had to pay taxes
• How do people know of Darius?
• He made giant wall inscriptions in multiple languages, that proclaim his power
• What did Cambyses, Darius, and Cyrus Practice in Order to Expand Their Empire ?
• Grassroots Localism
• He allowed places he conquered to rule themselves, but they had to pay taxes
• How Did Persians Divide the Area They Conquered?
• They divided them into Satrapies, which were ruled by Satraps
• What are Satrapies?
• Provinces
• Who are Satraps?
• Governors of Provinces
• Normally Persian
• Collect Taxes
• Complete religious rituals, protect the people, and build/maintain public works
• What were the checks of power for the Satraps?
• Inspectors
• Local Appeals to the King
• And a Relationship between the King and Local Elites
• The Persian Empire Had One of the Best Road Systems in the World
• The Persian royal road could travel from Susa to Sardis in seven days
• Why didn't the Persian Empire Last?
• Alexander the Great brings the end of the Persian Empire
• Alexander the Great would visit local elites, and tell them that if they pay taxes, they don't have to fight for power
• Alexander so easily takes the empire, because he uses the same Grassroots Localism