History Section 02 In Class Notes 9/16/16

• Moksha
• Definition
• Release from Samsara
• Becoming one with the universe
• Goal of Hinduism
• What is Samsara?
• Perceived Reality
• The wheel of re-incarnation 
• Ordinary Method
• Way of Works
• How is it Practiced
• You work your way through the caste system, until you are re-incarnated as a male Brahman, and are released from Samsara
• Elite Method
• Way of Withdrawal / Renunciation 
• How is it Practiced
• Asceticism and meditation on the Vedas, with no accumulated bad karma
• Another Method
• Way of Wisdom
• How is it Practiced
• Realizing that you are a part of the universe, by reading the Upanishads, which allows you to be released from Samsara, and become one with the universe
• What is Atman?
• The Divine that is within you
• What is Brahman?
• The Universe is The Impartial God and True Reality
• In Ancient India and China, what is the purpose of Gods?
• Gods were more or less not the point
• Jainism and Daoism are Both Reactions to What?
• Hinduism
• When was Hinduism founded?
• 3000 BCE
• Jainism
• Definition
• The practice of self-harm and ahimsa to float to the top of the universe and escape samsara
• How Do You Practice It?
• Clean Karma from your body, through self harm, so that you may float to the top of the universe
• Have Ahimsa
• What is Ahimsa?
• Care for all beings, as all beings have souls, inanimate or otherwise
• Founder
• Mahavira
• What Did He Try To Do?
• Be an ascetic through Hinduism, but he found what he considered the right way to find Moksha
• When Did He Found Jainism?
• 520 BCE
• Buddhism
• How Is It Practiced?
• By not having any attachments/obsessions
• By understanding that by releasing one's own attachments, one will no longer suffer, and be released from samsara and achieve nirvana 
• Following the Four Noble Truths and the Eight-Fold Path
• What is the Eight Fold Path?
• Right View
• Right Intentions
• Right Speech
• Right Action
• Right Livelihood
• Right Effort
• Right Concentration
• Right Mindfulness
• What is the Goal and How Do You Reach It?
• Learn that desires and attachments bring suffering, and bind you to samsara.
• Once you drop your attachments and desires, you may escape samsara, and enter nirvana 
• Founder
• Siddharta
• Was taught using what language?
• The common language rather than sanskrit, because sanskrit was only understood by Brahmans
• Time Period
• 566s BCE
• Mustard Seed
• It is a story in which Buddha sends a woman who lost a loved one, to talk with others who lost their loved ones, to realize that death doesn't really matter
• Jainism and Buddhism
• Both Agree
• That Dharma, Samsarma, and Karma are Legit
• That the Caste System Can Be Ignored
• What is a Lay Person?
• In a religious context, anyone who is not a priest or monk.
• Individuals who have not taken a religious vow.
• Warring States Period
• Time Period
• 403 - 221 BCE
• What was life like?
• Difficult, because war is erupting quite often
• What Were The Focuses of Confucianism and Daoism?
• To teach people how to behave, and rulers how to rule
• Confucianism
• How is It Practiced?
• Following Li, the five relationships, and filia piety to become one with the Dao
• What Does Confucius Say About People?
• People are good at heart, and want to be good
• If people are educated, people will be good people
• What Did They Consider The Perfect Time Period?
• Zhou
• What Were Are The Confucius Writings?
• The Analects
• What Are Confucius's Normative Controls?
• Li
• Practicing behavior and rituals that are essentially appropriate behaviors and common courtesy
• Ren
• What you get for being a good person by following Li
• What is the Golden Rule of Confucianism?
• Treat others as you would like to be treated
• Daoism
• How is It Practiced?
• Following Wu Wei
• Behave spontaneously, while being in touch with the moment
• Beliefs
• No one knows the truth
• Education is stupid
• True wisdom is spontaneous and cannot be taught
• What is Its Goal?
• To Become One With The Dao
• What is Dao?
• Ultimate Reality
• And One's True Place In Reality
• Everyone has a truly destined place in reality
• Can we Talk About The Dao?
• You can never know or explain the Dao
• The Way of the Dao is Written In What?
• Paradoxes
• Legalism
• Believed That...
• Human nature is bad
• That people should be controlled through strict laws