In Class History Notes September 07 2016

• What were the Four Ancient River Civilizations?
• Mesopotamia
• India
• China
• Egypt
• What Period Were the Four Ancient River Civilizations Based In?
• 4000 - 1700 BCE
• What and When Was the Axial Age?
• When?
• 6th Century BCE
• What?
• The age of which religion began to develop around the world, for some particular reason
• What Religions/Philosophies Did Different Civilizations Practice?
• India
• Jainism
• Hinduism
• Buddhism
• China
• Confucianism
• Daoism
• Persia
• Zoroastrianism
• What Did The Aryans Bring to India?
• What the Book Says..
• Religion
• Advanced War Technology
• Hinduism
• What does the Teacher Say...
• They didn't bring anything, they simply adapted things they encountered while within India
• What Is A Common Misconception Of Aryans?
• Many believe them to be white, but they describe themselves as being wheat colored
• What percent of ancient indian sites that have been indentified been excavated?
• Less than one percent
• What River Were Most Ancient Indian Civilizations Around?
• The Sarasvati
• What Material Did India Perfect?
• Cotton
• What Evidence Do We Not Have From Ancient India?
• We have no evidence of a government or a state for ancient india
• Corpses from different classes do not have dramatic physical differences
• No evidence of a priesthood who rules things or of great temples
• No evidence of Military coercion
• Civilizations Other Than Ancient India Have Evidence of Fighting Among-st Themselves 
• The Soil Was Very Fertile At The Indus And Sarasvati Rivers
• What Was The Main Function of The Government In Most Ancient Civilizations?
• There was a class system, and the government existed to protect the property of the upper class minority
• Who Owned The Bronze In China?
• The Government
• What Did India Use Bronze For?
• Decoration
• What Did India Do With The Riches They Had When They Died In Ancient India?
• They Passed Them Down
• What Did Egypt Do With The Riches They Had When They Died In Ancient Egypt?
• Keep Them With Them Beyond The Grave In Their Tombs
• What Kind of Society Was India?
• Urban
• Most people lived in cities, but cities weren't as overly populated as Mesopotamia
• What Was Standardized In India?
• Brick Size
• Road Length
• Weights and Measures
• What Was India's Greatest Dock?
• Lothal
• Lothal Had A Sweet Drainage System
• What Were Walls In Cities For In Ancient India?
• They separated parts of the city and acted as a physical caste system
• What Is The Teacher's Interpretation of Ancient India?
• People competed for power and had to collaborate with one another due to an imbalance of power
• Collaboration lead to standardization
• They practiced normative controls, and established regular things that people in Ancient India just do
• When people take control of an area, we normally expect what?
• Things change dramatically archaeologically 
• What doesn't happen in Ancient India when the Aryans take hold?
• Things didn't change dramatically archaeologically  
• How do people normally control themselves?
• Normative Controls
• Socio-Religious Organization
• Laws
• What is Another Word For Caste?
• Varnas
• What Were The Four Castes?
• Brahmins (Twice Born In The Cycle)
• Priest
• To Be Pure, One Must Be Clean
• Kshatriyas (Twice Born In The Cycle)
• Princes and Warriors
• Are Allowed To Be Taught The Vedas, But Not To Read Them
• Vaisyas (Twice Born In The Cycle)
• Generate Wealth, Through Manufacturing, Trade, and Agriculture
• Shudras
• Not Allowed To Read, Be Taught, Or Hear The Vedas
• Untouchable (Unofficial Caste)
• Rejects who messed up their past life, or a ritual
• What Are Prakits?
• A group of non-indian religious languages
• What Is Sanskrit?
• Religious Language of Ancient India
• In Ancient India, The Lower Caste Didn't Rebel
• When Were The Vedas Written?
• From 3000 to 500 BCE
• India appears to have had religion in place of government
• All Indian Religions Have What Basis?
• Samsara
• The Cycle of The Universe (Reincarnation)
• Moksha
• Being Released From The Cycle To Become One With The Universe, With Ultimate Reality
• Does Hinduism Have One Way To Achieve The Major Goal, One Founder, or One God?
• No
• Is There Any Hindu Religious Hierarchy?
• Nope